Read Online Teorías sobre la plusvalía (Tomo IV de El Capital) vol. III by Karl Marx - Free Book Online

6) (Marx reproduce la frase anterior en sus propias palabras, como síntesis. En el manuscrito de Marx, esta frase dice así: «Si sólo existieran dos mercancías, ambas exchangeable en relación a la quality of labour»).
    129. « It is from this circumstance of constant reference to other commodities , or to money , when we are speaking of the relation between any two commodities , that the nation of value, as something intrinsic and absolute , has arisen.» ( ibidem , p. 8)
    129. «What I assert is, that if all commodities were produced under exactly the same circumstances, as for instance, by labour alone, any commodity, which always required the same quantity of labour, could not be invariable in value , while every other commodity underwent alteration…» ( ibidem , pp. 20-21)
    129. [Marx reproduce esta cita en sus propias palabras como síntesis del pensamiento expuesto por Bailey (v. p. 23 de su libro) formulándola así: «… value is nothing intrinsic and absolute»].
    129. «It is impossible to designate , or express the value of a commodity, except by a quantity of some other commodity.» (ibidem , p. 26)
    130. «Instead of regarding value as a relation between two objects , they […] consider it as a positive result produced by a definite quantity of labour.» ( ibidem , p. 30)
    130. «Because the values of A and B, according to their doctrine, are to each other as the quantities of producing labour, or… are determined by the quantities of producing labour, they appear to have concluded, that the value of A alone, without reference to any thing else, is as the quantity of its producing labour. There is no meaning certainly in this last proposition…» ( ibidem , pp. 31-32)
    130. «… value as a sort of general and independent property…» ( ibidem , p. 35)
    130. «The value of a commodity must be its value in something…» ( ibidem , p. 35)
    130. «The value of any commodity denoting its relation in exchange to some other commodity, me may speak of it as money-value, com-value, cloht-value, according to the commodity with which it is compared; and hence there are a thousand different kinds of value, as many kinds of value as there are commodities in existence , and are equally real and equally nominal .» ( ibidem , p. 39)
    131. «Hence Mr. Ricardo, ingeniously enough, avoids a difficulty, which, on a first view, threatens to encumber his doctrine, that value depends on the quantify of labour employed in production. If this principle is rigidly adhered to, it follows, that the value of labour depends on the quantity of labour employed in producing it —which is evidently absurd. By a dexterous turn, therefore, Mr. Ricardo makes the value of labour depend on the quantity of labour required to produce wages , or, to give him the benefit of his own language, he maintains, that the value of labour is to be estimated by the quantity of labour required to produce wages, by which he means, the quantity of labour required to produce the money or commodities given to the labourer. This is similar to saying, that the value of cloth is to be estimated, not by the quantity of labour bestowed on its production, but by the quantity of labour bestowed on the production of the silver, for which the cloth is exchanged.» ( ibidem , pp. 50-51)
    134. «… a rise or fall of labour implies an increase or decrease in the quantity of the commodity given in exchange for it.» ( ibidem , p. 62)
    134. «… rise or fall of labour …» (ibidem, p. 62)
    134. «Labour is an exchangeable thing, or one which commands other things in exchange; but the term profits denotes only a share or proportion of commodities, not an article which can be exchanged against other articles . When we ask whether wages have risen, we mean, whether a definite portion of labour exchanges for a greater quantity of other things than before…» ( ibidem , pp. 62-63)
    135. «… but when we ask whether profits have risen, we… mean… whether the gain of