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. Mark I. Whitman, “Carter, a Reluctant Radical,”
Baltimore Sun
, September 12, 1980, A17.
    14 . “Modest Social Security Reform,”
Chicago Tribune
, July 25, 1979, A2.
    15 . “Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980: Statement on Signing H.R. 3236 into Law, June 9, 1980,”
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1980–1981
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1980–1981), 2:1062.
    16 . For “Governor Reagan’s first …,” “Medicare and Social Security,” October 31, 1980,
Public Papers: Carter
, 3:2578; for “I oppose cutting back …” and “I am proud to stand for …,” 3:2579. Writing in the wake of the election, Reagan’s adviser David Gergen noted of Southern Protestants, “This key vote abandoned Jimmy Carter in large numbers … I urge that if President Reagan makes a trip outside Washington in the first months of his Administration that the trip be to the deep South.” “First 90 Days Project, 1980” December 29, 1980, memorandum t: Dave Gergen from Rich Williamson regarding thoughts on the first 90 days, in MC197, box 66, folder 6, p. 19, James A. Baker III Papers, RBSC Mudd Library, Princeton University.
    17 . For “there is the program …,” see “The President’s New Conference, May 13, 1982,”
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1981–1989
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1981–1989), 1:625; for Reagan’s changes to the programs and conservative ascendancy, see Harvey,
Brief History of Neoliberalism
.
    18 . “Interview with the President, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session with a Group of Out-of-Town Editors, October 5, 1981,”
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents
17, no. 41 (Monday, October 12, 1981): 1094.
    19 . Simon Nelson Patten,
The Development of English Thought
(New York: MacMillan, 1899); and E. K. Hunt, “Simon N. Patten’s Contributions to Economics,”
Journal of Economic Issues
4 (December 1970): 38–55; on the origins of the disability provision in Social Security, see Social Security Administration, “Vote Tallies,”
Social Security
, www.ssa.gov/history/tally56.html ; see also James Sparrow,
Warfare State
.
    20 . Steven Brena, ed.,
Chronic Pain: America’s Hidden Epidemic
(New York: Antheneum, 1978).
    21 . For “chronic pain is often …,” see S. F. Brena, S. L. Chapman, and R. Decker, “Chronic Pain as Learned Experience: Emory University Pain Control Center,”
NIDA Research Monographs
36 (May 1981): 76–83; for medical proof of pain, see discussions of medical-only determination, Collection: Anderson, Martin files, CFOA 89, box 5, folder: Social Security (6 and 8 of 20), Ronald Reagan Library.
    22 . On learned helplessness, see Martin Seligman, “Learned Helplessness,”
Annual Review of Medicine
23 (1972): 407–12; Martin Seligman,
Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death
(San Francisco: Freeman, 1975); Lyn Y. Abramson, Martin E. P. Seligman, and John D. Teasdale, “Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation,”
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
87 (1978): 49–74; Stanley L. Chapman and Steven F. Brena, “Learned Helplessness and Responses to Nerve Blocks in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients,”
Pain
14 (1982): 355–64; Adele Thomas, “Learned Helplessness and Expectancy Factors: Implications for Research in Learning Disabilities,”
Review of Education Research
49 (Spring 1979): 208–21; for pain sufferer and disability claims, see Chapman and Brena, “Learned Helplessness and Responses to Nerve Blocks.”
    23 . For “nobody likes welfare …,” see Katz,
In the Shadow of the Poorhouse
, 1. See also Michael Katz,
The Undeserving Poor: From the War of Poverty to the War on Welfare
(New York: Pantheon, 1989); for