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compassion as a misguided liberal construct, see Marvin Olasky,
The Tragedy of American Compassion
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1992); for “malingering may be …,” see Rodgers, “Subjective Pain Testimony,” 178.
    24 . For changes to disability rolls, see “U.S. Gets Tough with Disabled,”
Washington Post
, September 7, 1982, A1; for “negative fallout …,” see May 28, 1981, memo from pollster Richard B. Wirthin to Ed Meese, Jim Baker, and Mike Deaver, folder 13 of 20, Anderson, Ronald Reagan Archives, Loma Linda, CA.
    25 . For legal appeals, see Robert Pear, “Dispute Continues on Aid to Disabled,”
New York Times
, August 12, 1984, 26; for “incorrect denials …,” see Fair, 885 F.2d, p. 602, quoted in Rodgers, “Subjective Pain Testimony,” 191.
    26 . See Laura Kalman,
The Strange Career of Legal Liberalism
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996), 78; see also Steven M. Teles,
The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the Law
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008); for “people involved with …,” see Richard Posner, “The Economic Approach to Law,” Texas Law Review 53 (1975): 761–65; for social security cases as tests, see Zaiser, “Proving Disabling Pain.”
    27 . For changing environment for disabled, see Robin Herman, “Easing of U.S. Rules on Aid for Disabled Is Sought,”
New York Times
, February 8, 1982, B2; for “an ‘in house’ ruling,” and “there must be …,” see Rodgers, “Subjective Pain Testimony,” 194; For “many Congressmen say …,” see Margaret Engel, “U.S. Gets Tough With Disabled,”
Washington Post
, September 7, 1982, A1.
    28 . For “soften the image,” see Robert Pear, “Softening Some Images, If Not Policies,”
New York Times
, June 26, 1983, E4; Robert Pear, “Reagan Aide Hails Shift on Disability,”
New York Times
, June 8, 1983, A17; for “had no idea …” and “number of people exempted …,” see Baroody, Michael E., Collection, box 2, folder: Heckler / Women’s Op-Ed, HHS news statement, June 1983; Op-Ed—June 7, 1983, “Social Security Disability Review Reform,” Ronald Reagan Library.
    29 . For “a state of legal confusion …,” and on disability lawsuits clogging courts see Pear, “Dispute Continues on Aid to Disabled”; on purged claimants, see Margaret Shapiro and Spencer Rich, “Hill Alters Rules for Disability,”
Washington Post
, September 20, 1984, A1. As one judge said, “For some unexplained reason, the Secretary insists upon ignoring this court’s statements” that she must consider subjective complaints of pain, even if they are not fully corroborated by objective medical evidence. Quoted in Robert Pear, “U.S. Flouts Courts in Determination of Benefit Claims,”
New York Times
, May 13, 1984, 1.
    30 . On purging the rolls, see Robert Pear, “Reagan Reported Prepared to Stop Cuts in Disability,”
New York Times
, March 24, 1984, 1. David Lauter, “Social Security’s Legal Tactics Hit by 9th Circuit,”
National Law Journal
(March 12, 1984): 8; for “the huge SSDI program …” and “malingerer hunters,” see Charles Lane, “A Disability Primer,”
New Republic
, August 12/19, 1985, 18–20; see also Milton Coleman, “Mondale Carries Coals of Compassion to Boston’s Castle of Liberalism,”
Washington Post
, November 3, 1984, A7; Milton Coleman and David Broder, “‘Fairness’ Issue Loses Potency,”
Washington Post
, October 7, 1984, 1; for “heartless” and quote from Heckler on hardship, see “Social Security Bills Stalled in Congress,”
Baltimore Sun
, August 12, 1984, 6A.
    31 . “1984 Presidential Debate between the President Reagan and Former Vice President Walter