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F. Mondale,” October 7, 1984,
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Document
s 20, no. 41 (Monday, October 15, 1984): 1457–58.
    32 . “Ronald Reagan TV Ad: ‘It’s Morning in America Again,’” YouTube video, posted by Andre Morgado, n.d., www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU-IBF8nwSY .
    33 . Of course, these issues were not entirely new to the post–World War II era. For scholarship on the nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century politics of pain, labor, and compensation, see Barbara Welke,
Law and the Border of Belonging in the Long Nineteenth Century United States
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010); and Barbara Welke,
Recasting American Liberty: Gender, Race, Law, and the Railroad Revolution, 1865–1920
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001); for disability assessment system, see David A. Hyman, “Health Care Fraud and Abuse: Market Change, Social Norms, and the Trust ‘Reposed in the Workmen,’”
Journal of Legal Studies
30 (June 2001): 531–67.
    34 . For “the federal courts …,” see Allan Goldhammer and Susan Bloom, “Recent Changes in the Assessment of Pain in Disability Claims Before the Social Security Administration,” 3 Soc. Sec. Rep. Serv. 1119
West’s Social Security Reporting Service
January, 1984; for “would rest solely …,” see Peter Ferrara, Office of Policy Development Memo, 1981. Ronald Reagan Archives, Loma Linda, CA; Carter thanked J. J. Pickle for his work on H.R. 3236. “Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980: Statement on Signing H.R. 3236 Into Law, June 9, 1980,”
Public Papers: Carter
, 2:1062; for “Section 205 …” and “the administration proposal …,” see Eric Hempel, Memorandum for Martin Anderson and Ed Gray, subject: differences between Congressman Pickle’s and the administration’s Social Security proposals,” May 13, 1981, Social Security Administration file, Ronald Reagan Library. See also “Statement of Honorable J. J. Pickle (D, Texas), chairman of the Subcommittee on Social Security, House Committee on Ways and Means, at meeting of the Social Security Subcommittee, Wednesday, March 25, 1981, draft committee print, Sec. 206, Evaluation of Pain, Ronald Reagan Papers; for “several billions dollars …,” see “Statement on Signing a Bill Amending the Social Security Disability Insurance System, January 12, 1983,” “H.R. 7093 is Public Law 97–455, approved January 12,”
Public Papers: Reagan
, 24:39.
    35 . On the complicated struggle, see Charles Lane, “A Disability Primer,”
New Republic
, August 12, 1985, 19; for “the secretary is not …,” see Miranda v. Richardson 514 F.2d 996 (1st Cir., April 14, 1975) (75 Ford Administration); on Reagan’s combative approach, a later critique of this policy appears in the
National Law Journal
: “Non-Acquiescence,” editorial,
National Law Journal
(June 17, 1985): 14; on nonacquiescence, see David Hedge,
Governance and the Changing American States
(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998).
    36 . For “they will say …,” see “Courts in Conflict,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 2, 1980, C10; for “attacked liberal judges …,” see William Endicott,“Meese Hits Liberal Judges, Would End Insanity Pleas,”
Los Angeles Times
, April 16, 1981, 1; Jack Nelson, “No. 2 Man: Ed Meese: He, Reagan Think Alike,”
Los Angeles Times
, June 14, 1981, 1; for the concern of Reagan supporters, see Rodgers, “Subjective Pain Testimony,” 195.
    37 . Robert Pear, “New York and Other States Defy U.S. Rules for Disability Benefits,”
New York Times
, September 12, 1983, A1. As the article also noted, “Over three months, the Governors of New York, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Arkansas, Kansas, West Virginia, and other states have challenged the Reagan Administration’s restrictive