Read Online Divided we Fail by Sarah Garland - Free Book Online

93–94
    public accommodations desegregation, 57–58, 65
    Public Agenda poll (1999), 157
    pupil reassignment plan lawsuit, 2011, 190–91
    QUEST (Quality Education for All Students), 128–29, 130–31, 140–41, 154, 159–60, 163
    race and demographics, 197–98
    racial discrimination: housing, 21, 43, 44–45, 48–49, 58–59, 63–65, 96–97;public accommodation and transportation, 57–58, 65
    racial harassment and intimidation: bombing, 48; cross burning, 48, 54; Jim Crow era, 33; school choice and, 167; school desegregation, 16, 22, 160; White Citizens Council, 53, 54; white teenage, 7–8.
See also
Ku Klux Klan
    racial integration: black activists on, xi–xii, 37; Du Bois on, 42, 49, 96, 147–48, 197; educational benefits of, 183; housing, 21, 44–45, 48–49, 58–59, 63–65, 68, 198; military progress in, 58–59; poverty and, 62–65; public accommodation and transportation, 57–58, 65; white view of, 120.
See also
desegregation; school desegregation
    racial quotas.
See
school desegregation
    racial turmoil and violence: civil rights, 19–20, 68, 70–72, 76; school desegregation, 52, 90, 91, 93–94, 102
    racism: acceptance of, 97; color-blindness and, 47, 96, 119, 152–53, 187; in Louisville, 19, 20, 37, 59; political, 197; sexual stereotypes and, 43; among teaching staff, 53–54
    Raleigh, North Carolina, 190
    Reagan, Ronald, 26, 104–5, 116–17, 118, 120
    Reed, Stanley, 47
    Rehnquist, William, 88, 118, 139, 175, 182
    Reid, Manfred, 70
    â€œresegregation” of schools, 128
    Rhee, Michelle, 196
    Richmond, Virginia, 154–55
    Robert Frost Middle School, 7–8, 12
    Roberts, John, 182, 185, 186
    Rockefeller, Nelson, 79
    Roosevelt, Eleanor, 37
    Roosevelt, Franklin D., 63
    Ruffra, Jean, 89, 127
    â€œrurbanization,” 75
    Russell Junior High School, 109–10
    Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Elementary School, xi, 108
    San Francisco, 155
    SAVE (Saving African-American Values and Economy), 130, 146
    Save Our Community Schools (SOCS), 84–85, 87, 89, 91, 127
    Scalia, Antonin, 185
    Schaffner Elementary School, 76
    Schmied, Kenneth, 71, 72
    school choice, 24, 55–56, 78, 79, 157, 170, 196.
See also
Project Renaissance
    school desegregation: achievement gap and, x, xi, 77–78, 127, 129, 168–69, 176, 177–78, 183, 191; affirmative action and, 79, 175–76, 182, 191; Afrocentric schools and studies and, 22, 26–27, 179; alternative schools and, 20, 124, 130, 160, 188, 192; black activists on, 24–25, 112, 124–25, 127, 128, 131–32, 140, 151, 153; black Americans on, xi–xii, 23–24, 49–50, 120; black educator view of, 49–50; black parents on, 129, 192; boycotts, 90; busing as tool in, ix, 4–5, 7, 25, 79–80, 84–85; in California, 46–47; charter schools use in, xii, 198; civil rights movement and, ix, 56–57, 89; clustering schools use in, 129; educational opportunity and, 160–65; end of, ix; exemptions to, 15, 140; federal legislation on, 90; gerrymandering school zones and, 86; HEW guidelines on, 77, 78, 81–82, 85; incentive programs use and, 126, 127, 128–30, 140; low-income housing and, 86; magnet schools use in, 2, 83, 113–14, 130, 155, 162, 169, 191; mandates, 52–53, 54–56, 62, 86, 176; preferential assignment use in, 183; promise of, 167, 189, 194–95; protest zones, 22, 93–94; questioning the wisdom of, 117, 120; racial quotas use in, x, 2–3, 11, 15, 22–23, 27, 90, 113, 124–26, 129, 140, 162, 167, 169, 173, 182; racial turmoil and violence, 52, 90, 91, 93–94, 102; school choice as tool of, 27, 55–56, 129, 132–34, 137–38, 156–57; school closure as tool of, ix, x, 50, 90, 103, 109, 110–11, 115, 153, 160, 180, 196; school systems mergers and, 84, 88, 90, 160; school transfer ban in, 154; separate butequal doctrine use in, 43, 47, 50; student gains