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editions as well as the original manuscript. I was able to inspect the manuscript at the Royal Library of the Escorial in winter 2002–2003 and also to obtain a photocopy of the microfilm copy housed at the Library of the Royal Palace in Madrid by kind permission and assistance of the library staff there. As the manuscript is at times difficult to decipher, it is not surprising to find occasional discrepancies among the existing Spanish transcriptions of the text, which I duly note. In my translation, I have made an effort to strike a balance between remaining as close to the original as possible while rendering it in idiomatic English. I have preserved the paragraph breaks (which are indicated in the manuscript as lines drawn from the last word of a line to the margin) but have frequently broken up long sentences, more common in Spanish than in English, into smaller syntactic units. Although perhaps not always successful, I have taken pains to find current English idioms to capture the sense of the Spanish original as closely as possible. It is my hope in presenting this translation to the public that it will be found useful for scholars, teachers, and students of colonial (Latin) American and Native American history, culture, and literature.
Notes
    1 . Since completing the manuscript, it has come to my attention that Catherine Julien has also completed a full-length translation of Titu Cusi’s text, which is forthcoming. The two translations have evolved independently from on another, and I would like to thank Catherine Julien for bringing her forthcoming translation to my attention.
    2 . On Inca expansionism, see María Rostworowski de Diez Canseco,
History of the Inca Realm,
trans. Harry B. Iceland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 12–134; also Terence D’Altroy,
The Incas
(Malden, MA, and Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishers, 2002), 109–262; John Murra,
El Mundo Andino: población, medio ambiente y economía
(Lima:Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, 2002), 41–82; and Kenneth Andrien,
Andean Worlds: Indigenous History, Culture, and Consciousness under Spanish Rule, 1532–1825
(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2001), 14–39. On the circumstances of Huayna Capac’s death, see Michael Moseley,
The Incas and Their Ancestors
(London: Thames and Hudson, 1992), 7–11.
    3 . Titu Cusi reports that they “digen que vienen por el viento.” Titu Cusi Yupanqui’s
Ynstrucción del Ynga Diego de Castro Titu Cussi Yupanqui
(In “De las relaciones del tiempo de la visita. Relación del gobierno y sucesión de los Ingas,” Biblioteca del Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Manuscrito L. I. 5, folio 141 (64).
    4 . On the background of Pizarro and the other men in his band, see James Lockhart,
The Men of Cajamarca: Social and Biographical Study of the First Conquerors of Peru
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1972), especially 135–156; also Rafael Varón Gabai,
Francisco Pizarro and His Brothers: The Illusion of Power in Sixteenth-century Peru,
Trans. Javier Flores Espinoza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 3–35.
    5 . For more details on this struggle for the royal tassel, see Rostworowski,
History of the Inca Realm,
110–134; also John Hemming,
The Conquest of the Incas
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), 28–35.
    6 . For a more detailed account of these events, see Hemming,
The Conquest of the Incas,
23–70; also Karen Spalding,
Huarochirí, An Andean Society under Inca and Spanish Rule
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1984), 106–135.
    7 . For a discussion of these complex Hispano-Andean alliances that were instrumental in the Spanish conquest, see Steve Stern,
Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640
(Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993); also Waldemar Espinoza Soriano,
Destrucción del imperio de los incas: