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Vocabulario
(1560). Library of Congress, Rare Book Room
    For the same reason, I have used Hispanized orthography in the translation of the text when rendering common Quechua names and words that have already been solidified in modern scholarship. Thus, I write “Inca” rather than “Inka,” “Atahuallpa” rather than “Atawallpa,” “Huascar” rather than “Wasqar,” “huacas” rather than “wakas,” “coya” rather than “qoya,” and so on. In my rendering of Quechua words that do not commonly occur in modern scholarship (such as
tomëe
), however, I attempt to decipher the original manuscript rather than previous Spanish editions. In these cases, I also note Santo Tomás’s first “standardized” sixteenth-century orthography as well as modern (meaning post-1970s) official orthography, citing the
Diccionario Quechua-Español-Quechua
by the Academia Mayor de la lengua Quechua and Laura Ladrón de Guevara Cuadro’s
Diccionario Quechua-Ingles-Español
.
Español-Quechua-Ingles
.
Quechua-Ingles-Español
. In references to primary and secondary sources, I have used English translations when adequate ones were available.
    The Manuscript and Previous Editions
    The manuscript of Titu Cusi Yupanqui’s
Instrucción
is today preserved in the Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial. Some time after its arrival there, it was bound as one section in a volume of several manuscripts and subtitled “De las relaciones del tiempo de la visita. Relación del gobierno y sucesión de los Ingas.” Its pages were apparently numbered by the personwho bound it, for its first page corresponds to page 130 in that volume. In my page references to the manuscript, I cite the pagination applied in this volume.
    The text has been published in numerous Spanish editions during the twentieth century in the wake of growing interest in Amerindian perspectives on the European conquest of America. In some respects it shares a common editorial history with other texts by colonial Latin American Indians, such as Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (1615) or Juan de Santacruz Pachacuti Yamqui (1613) (see Bauer 2001). Like Guaman Poma’s
Nueva corónica y buen gobierno,
it was forgotten for more than three centuries. Parts of the text were first published in 1877 by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada as an appendix to his edition of Pedro Cieza de León’s
Guerra de Quito
. A first complete edition was published in Lima in 1916 under the title
Relación de la conquista del Perú y hechos del Inca Manco II
by Horacio H. Urteaga with a biography of Titu Cusi by Carlos Romero. Urteaga’s transcription was republished in Lima with a new introduction and notes by Francisco Carillo in 1973. In 1985 Luis Millones published in Lima a new transcription that retained—more closely than Urteaga’s—the orthographic particularities of the original and indicated the page breaks of the manuscript. Similarly, Liliana Regalado de Hurtado’s 1992 edition with a new transcription retained the orthographic characteristics of the manuscript and added a glossary of Quechua terms appearing in the text, as well as onomastic and toponymic indexes. In 1988 María del Carmen Martín Rubio published the first (peninsular) Spanish edition of the text, and in 2001 Alessandra Luiselli published the first Mexican edition, which substantially normalized and modernized the sixteenth-century orthography for the modern reader. There have also been several translations into other languages of Titu Cusi’s
Instrucción
. Hidefuji Someda prepared a Japanese translation, Martin Lienhard a German translation, and John H. Parry and Robert Keith translated some short excerpts into English in their collection titled
New Iberian World
(1984).
    In preparing this full-length English translation, I have consulted the extant published