government. Jules Grévy re-elected President of the Republic. Death of Victor Hugo. Harim Maxim invents the machine-gun. Karl Benz invents the first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. Freud studies under Charcot at the Salpêtrière; foundation of the Society of Physiological Psychology under the leadership of Charcot.
Laforgue,
Les Complaintes
Lorrain,
Modernités
and
Viviane
Mallarmé, ‘Prose pour Des Esseintes’
Maupassant,
Bel-Ami
Zola,
Germinal
Pater,
Marius the Epicurean
1886 General Boulanger becomes Minister of War. Gottlieb Daimler builds the world’s first four-wheeled motor vehicle. Anatole Bajufounds
Le Décadent
, a journal that gathers writers who will be associated with the term.
Bloy,
Le Désespéré
Edouard Drumont,
La France juive
(anti-Semitic tract)
Gourmont,
Merlette
Maupassant,
Toine
;
La Petite Roque
Mirbeau,
Le Calvaire
Rimbaud,
Illuminations
(edited by Verlaine)
Villiers,
L’Eve future
;
L’Amour suprême
Zola,
L’Oeuvre
1887 Resignation of General Boulanger; honours scandal forces resignation of President Grévy. Sadi Carnot elected President. Ferdinand de Saussure lecturing on
la linguistique générale
at the Collège de France. Heinrich Hertz invents radar; Emile Berliner invents the gramophone. Construction starts on the Eiffel Tower. Alfred Binet, in ‘Le Fétichisme dans l’amour’, first coins the term ‘fetishism’.
Death of Laforgue.
Laforgue,
Moralités légendaires
Mallarmé,
Poésies
Maupassant,
Le Horla
Mendès,
La Première Maîtresse
Zola,
La Terre
1888 Wilhelm II becomes Emperor of Germany. Foundation of the Institut Pasteur; Chair of Experimental Psychology established at the Collège de France. John Boyd Dunlop patents the first commercial successful pneumatic tyre. Gauguin and Van Gogh in Arles.
Lorrain,
Dans l’oratoire
Maupassant,
Pierre et Jean
;
Sur l’eau
Mirbeau,
L’Abbé Jules
Rachilde,
Madame Adonis
Villiers,
Histoires insolites
;
Nouveaux contes cruels
Wilde,
The Happy Prince and Other Tales
1889 Inauguration of the Eiffel Tower and International Exhibition in the Centenary Year of the Revolution. The Java pavilion and its dancers cause a sensation (Paul Gauguin executes sketches of them). Failed
coup d’état
by General Boulanger. Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent cordite. Opening of Le Moulin Rouge. Anatole Baju publishes last number of
Le Décadent
. The
Mercure de France
journal and publishing house founded by Gourmont, Rachilde, and Vallette. Death of Barbey d’Aurevilly and Villiers de l’Isle-Adam.
Bergson,
Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience
Bourget,
Le Disciple
Huysmans,
Certains
Janet,
L’Automatisme psychologique
Maupassant,
La Main gauche
;
Fort comme la mort
1890 First May-day celebrations, marked by popular unrest. Fall of Bismarck. J. G. Frazer publishes first volumes of
The Golden Bough
.
Gourmont,
Sixtine, roman de la vie cérébrale
Laforgue,
Derniers vers
(posthumous)
Maupassant,
La Vie errante
;
L’Inutile Beauté
;
Notre coeur
Mendès,
Méphistophéla
Mirbeau,
Sébastien Roch
Villiers,
Axël
(posthumous)
Zola,
La Bête humaine
1891 Boulanger commits suicide in Belgium. Popular and social unrest marked by strike action. Foundation of the Rosicrucian Society, with Péladan among its leaders. First petrol-powered automobiles (Panhard and Levassor). In
The Man of Genius
, Cesare Lombroso cites mental abnormality and disease as a cause of artistic genius. Gauguin’s first period in Tahiti. Death of Rimbaud.
Jules Huret,
Enquête sur l’évolution littéraire
Huysmans,
Là-bas
(his novel about black-magic circles)
Lorrain,
Sonyeuse
;
Soirs de province, soirs de Paris
Maeterlinck,
Pelléas et Mélisande
Schwob,
Coeur double
Wilde,
Intentions
;
Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime
;
The Picture of Dorian Gray
Zola,
L’Argent
1892 Factory Acts brought in banning work for children under thirteen and limiting the working day for adults. Anarchist
Laforgue,
Les Complaintes
Lorrain,
Modernités
and
Viviane
Mallarmé, ‘Prose pour Des Esseintes’
Maupassant,
Bel-Ami
Zola,
Germinal
Pater,
Marius the Epicurean
1886 General Boulanger becomes Minister of War. Gottlieb Daimler builds the world’s first four-wheeled motor vehicle. Anatole Bajufounds
Le Décadent
, a journal that gathers writers who will be associated with the term.
Bloy,
Le Désespéré
Edouard Drumont,
La France juive
(anti-Semitic tract)
Gourmont,
Merlette
Maupassant,
Toine
;
La Petite Roque
Mirbeau,
Le Calvaire
Rimbaud,
Illuminations
(edited by Verlaine)
Villiers,
L’Eve future
;
L’Amour suprême
Zola,
L’Oeuvre
1887 Resignation of General Boulanger; honours scandal forces resignation of President Grévy. Sadi Carnot elected President. Ferdinand de Saussure lecturing on
la linguistique générale
at the Collège de France. Heinrich Hertz invents radar; Emile Berliner invents the gramophone. Construction starts on the Eiffel Tower. Alfred Binet, in ‘Le Fétichisme dans l’amour’, first coins the term ‘fetishism’.
Death of Laforgue.
Laforgue,
Moralités légendaires
Mallarmé,
Poésies
Maupassant,
Le Horla
Mendès,
La Première Maîtresse
Zola,
La Terre
1888 Wilhelm II becomes Emperor of Germany. Foundation of the Institut Pasteur; Chair of Experimental Psychology established at the Collège de France. John Boyd Dunlop patents the first commercial successful pneumatic tyre. Gauguin and Van Gogh in Arles.
Lorrain,
Dans l’oratoire
Maupassant,
Pierre et Jean
;
Sur l’eau
Mirbeau,
L’Abbé Jules
Rachilde,
Madame Adonis
Villiers,
Histoires insolites
;
Nouveaux contes cruels
Wilde,
The Happy Prince and Other Tales
1889 Inauguration of the Eiffel Tower and International Exhibition in the Centenary Year of the Revolution. The Java pavilion and its dancers cause a sensation (Paul Gauguin executes sketches of them). Failed
coup d’état
by General Boulanger. Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent cordite. Opening of Le Moulin Rouge. Anatole Baju publishes last number of
Le Décadent
. The
Mercure de France
journal and publishing house founded by Gourmont, Rachilde, and Vallette. Death of Barbey d’Aurevilly and Villiers de l’Isle-Adam.
Bergson,
Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience
Bourget,
Le Disciple
Huysmans,
Certains
Janet,
L’Automatisme psychologique
Maupassant,
La Main gauche
;
Fort comme la mort
1890 First May-day celebrations, marked by popular unrest. Fall of Bismarck. J. G. Frazer publishes first volumes of
The Golden Bough
.
Gourmont,
Sixtine, roman de la vie cérébrale
Laforgue,
Derniers vers
(posthumous)
Maupassant,
La Vie errante
;
L’Inutile Beauté
;
Notre coeur
Mendès,
Méphistophéla
Mirbeau,
Sébastien Roch
Villiers,
Axël
(posthumous)
Zola,
La Bête humaine
1891 Boulanger commits suicide in Belgium. Popular and social unrest marked by strike action. Foundation of the Rosicrucian Society, with Péladan among its leaders. First petrol-powered automobiles (Panhard and Levassor). In
The Man of Genius
, Cesare Lombroso cites mental abnormality and disease as a cause of artistic genius. Gauguin’s first period in Tahiti. Death of Rimbaud.
Jules Huret,
Enquête sur l’évolution littéraire
Huysmans,
Là-bas
(his novel about black-magic circles)
Lorrain,
Sonyeuse
;
Soirs de province, soirs de Paris
Maeterlinck,
Pelléas et Mélisande
Schwob,
Coeur double
Wilde,
Intentions
;
Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime
;
The Picture of Dorian Gray
Zola,
L’Argent
1892 Factory Acts brought in banning work for children under thirteen and limiting the working day for adults. Anarchist
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