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Authors: Claudio Pavone
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of my age I didn’t go to Albania, I too was obliged to risk my life for the
patria
’: letter written by the thirty-eight-year-old lawyer Spiros Giavellas (
LRE
, p. 454).
47 B. Fenoglio,
Il partigiano Johnny
, Turin: Einaudi, 1968, p. 40.
48 N. Ginzburg, Preface to
La letteratura partigiana in Italia 1943–1945
, anthology, ed. G. Falaschi, Rome: Riuniti, 1984, p. 8.
49 Testimony by the Piedmontese Domenico Adriano, who later became a Garibaldino (
CU
).
50 L. Meghello,
I piccoli maestri
, Milan: Feltrinelli, 1964, pp. 58–9.
51 F. Mautino,
Guerra di popolo. Storia delle formazione garibaldine friulane
, Preface by E. Collotti, Padua: Libreria Feltrinelli, 1981, p. 31.
52 Calamandrei,
La vita indivisibile
, p. 130 (February 1944).
53 B. Parri (Spartaco), ‘Otto mesi coi partigiani di Tito’, in Bilenchi,
Cronache degli anni neri
, pp. 87–8.
54 C. V. Bianchi,
Un’isola che si chiama Sardegna
, Rome: L’Arnia, 1951, quoted in M. Di Giovanni’s degree thesis.
55 Chiodi recalls as a decisive moment the sight, when he was arrested by the Italian SS, of ‘a street full of blood and a cart with four corpses’, while the railway inspector said ‘better to die than tolerate this’ (Chiodi,
Banditi
, p. 41 [18 August 1944]).
56 Testimony by Renato Fracassi, from a Genoese family of longshoremen (Bravo and Jalla,
La vita offesa
, p. 74).
57 See the case of the fifty-year-old father who was to join a band with the machine gun of his son who had been killed. Chiodi,
Banditi
, p. 32 (5 August 1944).
58 See, for example, Mario Filipponi’s testimony (Portelli,
Biografia di una città
, p. 266). See also the ‘bel giovane’ who possessed ‘molte di quelle doti che possono fare un avventuriero o un eroe’ (‘many of those qualities that can make an adventurer or a hero’), described by Gobetti,
Diario partigiano
, p. 66 (27 November 1943).
59 ‘When you’re twenty you don’t take much account of things’, testimony by Giuseppe Seriucano, farmer (Bravo and Jalla,
La vita offesa
, p. 81).
60 See the example of motivation shown in Bianco,
Guerra partigiana
, pp. 11–12.
61 Letter transcribed in ‘Sintesi delle relazioni degli uffici militari censura di guerra del mese di settembre 1944’. The document, preserved in ACS, is published in E. Aga-Rossi, ‘La situazione politica ed economica nell’Italia nel periodo 1944–45. I governi Bonomi, in
Quaderni dell’Istituto romano per la storia d’Italia del fascismo alla Resistenza
, Rome 1971, vol. 2, p. 129.
62 See G. Neppi Modona, ed.,
Giustizia penale e guerra di liberazione
, Milan: Franco Angeli, 1984, pp. 37, 189.
63
La casa in collina
(The House on the Hill) is the symbolic title that Cesare Pavese gave to his novel, published in 1949, but the first idea for which came in 1943.
64 For the whole incident see Chiesura,
Sicilia 1943
, pp. 96ff. It is worth remembering the film
Tutti a casa
[1960], in which the father (Eduardo De Filippo) urges his son (Alberto Sordi) to present himself.
65 See Reineri,
Per uno studio comparato
, p. 273, which publishes a page from Scotti’s diary. On the ‘partito dei contadini’, see G. De Luna,
Alessandro Scotti e il partito dei contadini (1889–1974)
, Milan: Franco Angeli, 1985.
66 ‘La crisi morale dei giovani italiani’, speech made at the PCI youth conference, Rome, 24 May 1947, now in P. Togliatti,
Opera
, V, ed. L. Gruppi, Rome: Riuniti, 1984, p. 301.
67 I. Calvino,
Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno
, Turin: Einaudi, 1946, p. 146.
68 This fine expression occurs in an article, ‘Pacta sunt servanda’,
Azione
, organ of the Christian Socialists, 20 October 1943.
69 Artom,
Diari
, p. 57 (28 July 1943).
70 Revelli,
La guerra dei poveri
, pp. 143, 168. On 26 July in Cuneo, finding himself in front of a drunken black-marketeer wrapped in the tricolore flag, Revelli had not been able to restrain himself and had shouted: ‘Pagiacci!’ (‘Buffoons!’). An ‘ometto’ (‘little man’) behind him
patria
’: letter written by the thirty-eight-year-old lawyer Spiros Giavellas (
LRE
, p. 454).
47 B. Fenoglio,
Il partigiano Johnny
, Turin: Einaudi, 1968, p. 40.
48 N. Ginzburg, Preface to
La letteratura partigiana in Italia 1943–1945
, anthology, ed. G. Falaschi, Rome: Riuniti, 1984, p. 8.
49 Testimony by the Piedmontese Domenico Adriano, who later became a Garibaldino (
CU
).
50 L. Meghello,
I piccoli maestri
, Milan: Feltrinelli, 1964, pp. 58–9.
51 F. Mautino,
Guerra di popolo. Storia delle formazione garibaldine friulane
, Preface by E. Collotti, Padua: Libreria Feltrinelli, 1981, p. 31.
52 Calamandrei,
La vita indivisibile
, p. 130 (February 1944).
53 B. Parri (Spartaco), ‘Otto mesi coi partigiani di Tito’, in Bilenchi,
Cronache degli anni neri
, pp. 87–8.
54 C. V. Bianchi,
Un’isola che si chiama Sardegna
, Rome: L’Arnia, 1951, quoted in M. Di Giovanni’s degree thesis.
55 Chiodi recalls as a decisive moment the sight, when he was arrested by the Italian SS, of ‘a street full of blood and a cart with four corpses’, while the railway inspector said ‘better to die than tolerate this’ (Chiodi,
Banditi
, p. 41 [18 August 1944]).
56 Testimony by Renato Fracassi, from a Genoese family of longshoremen (Bravo and Jalla,
La vita offesa
, p. 74).
57 See the case of the fifty-year-old father who was to join a band with the machine gun of his son who had been killed. Chiodi,
Banditi
, p. 32 (5 August 1944).
58 See, for example, Mario Filipponi’s testimony (Portelli,
Biografia di una città
, p. 266). See also the ‘bel giovane’ who possessed ‘molte di quelle doti che possono fare un avventuriero o un eroe’ (‘many of those qualities that can make an adventurer or a hero’), described by Gobetti,
Diario partigiano
, p. 66 (27 November 1943).
59 ‘When you’re twenty you don’t take much account of things’, testimony by Giuseppe Seriucano, farmer (Bravo and Jalla,
La vita offesa
, p. 81).
60 See the example of motivation shown in Bianco,
Guerra partigiana
, pp. 11–12.
61 Letter transcribed in ‘Sintesi delle relazioni degli uffici militari censura di guerra del mese di settembre 1944’. The document, preserved in ACS, is published in E. Aga-Rossi, ‘La situazione politica ed economica nell’Italia nel periodo 1944–45. I governi Bonomi, in
Quaderni dell’Istituto romano per la storia d’Italia del fascismo alla Resistenza
, Rome 1971, vol. 2, p. 129.
62 See G. Neppi Modona, ed.,
Giustizia penale e guerra di liberazione
, Milan: Franco Angeli, 1984, pp. 37, 189.
63
La casa in collina
(The House on the Hill) is the symbolic title that Cesare Pavese gave to his novel, published in 1949, but the first idea for which came in 1943.
64 For the whole incident see Chiesura,
Sicilia 1943
, pp. 96ff. It is worth remembering the film
Tutti a casa
[1960], in which the father (Eduardo De Filippo) urges his son (Alberto Sordi) to present himself.
65 See Reineri,
Per uno studio comparato
, p. 273, which publishes a page from Scotti’s diary. On the ‘partito dei contadini’, see G. De Luna,
Alessandro Scotti e il partito dei contadini (1889–1974)
, Milan: Franco Angeli, 1985.
66 ‘La crisi morale dei giovani italiani’, speech made at the PCI youth conference, Rome, 24 May 1947, now in P. Togliatti,
Opera
, V, ed. L. Gruppi, Rome: Riuniti, 1984, p. 301.
67 I. Calvino,
Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno
, Turin: Einaudi, 1946, p. 146.
68 This fine expression occurs in an article, ‘Pacta sunt servanda’,
Azione
, organ of the Christian Socialists, 20 October 1943.
69 Artom,
Diari
, p. 57 (28 July 1943).
70 Revelli,
La guerra dei poveri
, pp. 143, 168. On 26 July in Cuneo, finding himself in front of a drunken black-marketeer wrapped in the tricolore flag, Revelli had not been able to restrain himself and had shouted: ‘Pagiacci!’ (‘Buffoons!’). An ‘ometto’ (‘little man’) behind him
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