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Authors: Marie Coleman
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at which the Irish Party committed itself to accepting a partitionist solution and represented the last genuine chance of implementing home rule in Ireland before the aims of Irish nationalism morphed into the demand for greater sovereignty as an independent republic and the willingness to take up arms to achieve such an end.
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING
The best documentary sources for the Easter Rising are the oral history statements of participants in the Bureau of Military History (BMH), now freely available online www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie . Extracts from those relating to the Rising with a contextual commentary can be found in Fearghal McGarry's, Rebels: Voices from the Easter Rising (Penguin, 2011) and Annie Ryan's, Witness: Inside the Easter Rising (Liberties Press, 2005). Liam de Paor's, On the Easter Proclamation and Other Declarations (Four Courts Press, 1997) provides an excellent textual analysis of the most important document relating to the Rising. The British files relating to the court martials of the executed leaders were released between 1999 and 2001 and were published by Brian Barton in From Behind a Closed Door: Secret Court Martial Records of the 1916 Easter Rising (Blackstaff, 2002) and republished as The Secret Court Martial Records of the 1916 Easter Rising (History Press, 2008).
The three best narrative accounts of the Rising are Michael Foy and Brian Barton's, The Easter Rising (Sutton, 1999), Charles Townshend's, Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion (Penguin, 2005) and Fearghal McGarry's, The Rising. Ireland: Easter 1916 (Oxford University Press, 2010). Clair Wills's, Dublin, 1916: The Siege of the GPO (Profile, 2009) recreates the experience of those inside the GPO in Easter Week.
The best biographical accounts of the Rising's leaders are Ruth Dudley Edwards's, Patrick Pearse: The Triumph of Failure (Victor Gollancz, 1977), Joost Augusteijn's more recent, Patrick Pearse: The Making of a Revolutionary (Palgrave, 2010) and Donal Nevin's, James Connolly: A Full Life (Gill and Macmillan, 2005). Accounts of the life of Constance Markievicz can be found in Anne Marreco, The Rebel Countess: The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967), Anne Haverty, Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary (Harper Collins, 1988) and Diana Norman, Terrible Beauty: A Life of Constance Markievicz, 1868–1927 (Hodder and Stoughton, 1987), all of which are now quite dated.
The best accounts of women's participation in the Rising are Ruth Taillon's, When History Was Made: The Women of 1916 (Beyond The Pale, 1996), Margaret Ward's, Unmanageable Revolutionaries (Pluto Press, 1995), Cal McCarthy's, Cumann na mBan and the Irish Revolution (Collins Press, 2007) and Ann Matthews's, Renegades: Irish Republican Women, 1900–1922 (Mercier, 2010).
THE 1917 AND 1918 BY-ELECTIONS
The harsh British response to the Rising, and the inaccurate attribution of it to Sinn Féin, catapulted that party from relative obscurity before Easter 1916 to being the organisation around which republicans coalesced from 1917 in pursuit of Irish independence. The revival of Sinn Féin became noticeable in the latter half of 1916. In addition to gaining more support as a reaction to the harsh suppression of the Rising, it attracted constitutional nationalists dissatisfied with the leadership of John Redmond. The failure to have home rule implemented after the Rising was a serious defeat for Redmond. During these negotiations he had made a significant concession on partition that alienated many Ulster nationalists, who formed the breakaway Irish Nation League, that would eventually merge with Sinn Féin. Thus, as 1917 opened, Redmond had failed in his best chance yet of achieving Irish home rule, and in the process lost an important sector of his party's supporters.
Nevertheless, the IPP remained the largest representative of nationalist Ireland. The postponement due to the war of the 1915 general election, extended the
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING
The best documentary sources for the Easter Rising are the oral history statements of participants in the Bureau of Military History (BMH), now freely available online www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie . Extracts from those relating to the Rising with a contextual commentary can be found in Fearghal McGarry's, Rebels: Voices from the Easter Rising (Penguin, 2011) and Annie Ryan's, Witness: Inside the Easter Rising (Liberties Press, 2005). Liam de Paor's, On the Easter Proclamation and Other Declarations (Four Courts Press, 1997) provides an excellent textual analysis of the most important document relating to the Rising. The British files relating to the court martials of the executed leaders were released between 1999 and 2001 and were published by Brian Barton in From Behind a Closed Door: Secret Court Martial Records of the 1916 Easter Rising (Blackstaff, 2002) and republished as The Secret Court Martial Records of the 1916 Easter Rising (History Press, 2008).
The three best narrative accounts of the Rising are Michael Foy and Brian Barton's, The Easter Rising (Sutton, 1999), Charles Townshend's, Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion (Penguin, 2005) and Fearghal McGarry's, The Rising. Ireland: Easter 1916 (Oxford University Press, 2010). Clair Wills's, Dublin, 1916: The Siege of the GPO (Profile, 2009) recreates the experience of those inside the GPO in Easter Week.
The best biographical accounts of the Rising's leaders are Ruth Dudley Edwards's, Patrick Pearse: The Triumph of Failure (Victor Gollancz, 1977), Joost Augusteijn's more recent, Patrick Pearse: The Making of a Revolutionary (Palgrave, 2010) and Donal Nevin's, James Connolly: A Full Life (Gill and Macmillan, 2005). Accounts of the life of Constance Markievicz can be found in Anne Marreco, The Rebel Countess: The Life and Times of Constance Markievicz (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967), Anne Haverty, Constance Markievicz: Irish Revolutionary (Harper Collins, 1988) and Diana Norman, Terrible Beauty: A Life of Constance Markievicz, 1868–1927 (Hodder and Stoughton, 1987), all of which are now quite dated.
The best accounts of women's participation in the Rising are Ruth Taillon's, When History Was Made: The Women of 1916 (Beyond The Pale, 1996), Margaret Ward's, Unmanageable Revolutionaries (Pluto Press, 1995), Cal McCarthy's, Cumann na mBan and the Irish Revolution (Collins Press, 2007) and Ann Matthews's, Renegades: Irish Republican Women, 1900–1922 (Mercier, 2010).
THE 1917 AND 1918 BY-ELECTIONS
The harsh British response to the Rising, and the inaccurate attribution of it to Sinn Féin, catapulted that party from relative obscurity before Easter 1916 to being the organisation around which republicans coalesced from 1917 in pursuit of Irish independence. The revival of Sinn Féin became noticeable in the latter half of 1916. In addition to gaining more support as a reaction to the harsh suppression of the Rising, it attracted constitutional nationalists dissatisfied with the leadership of John Redmond. The failure to have home rule implemented after the Rising was a serious defeat for Redmond. During these negotiations he had made a significant concession on partition that alienated many Ulster nationalists, who formed the breakaway Irish Nation League, that would eventually merge with Sinn Féin. Thus, as 1917 opened, Redmond had failed in his best chance yet of achieving Irish home rule, and in the process lost an important sector of his party's supporters.
Nevertheless, the IPP remained the largest representative of nationalist Ireland. The postponement due to the war of the 1915 general election, extended the
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