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Authors: Marti Olsen Laney Psy.d.
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These cultures focus on people and things, quick decisions and actions, and social skills that reflect an effortless “hail-fellow-well-met” style. One should be able to accept what someone says without having to puzzle it out.
In high context cultures, however, discretion, nonverbal cues, and subtlety are valued. Examples of high context cultures are Japan, the Scandinavian countries, American Indian tribal groups, and China. These societies value the internal world of impressions, ideas, and feelings. Slower, more deliberate action and complex social behavior are preferred. People from such cultures are multifaceted and, to the low context person, even mystifying. In a high context culture, one “look” might express a great deal.
Is There an Advantage to Temperament Variations?
The New York Times recently reported findings that appeared in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews that researchers in England, Germany, the Netherlands, France, and at the University of California, Berkeley, are honing in on proving a direct correlation between the neurobiology of the brain and personality traits. Researchers wondered why natural selection doesn’t produce a standard personality in all species—why nature consistently supports a range of traits. To find out, they are studying how genes and environment shape various aspects of personality. They began with the observation that animals, like humans, have a similar range of traits; these are bundled into several personality dimensions, a central one being the introvert/extrovert continuum. They concluded that when humans and animals have a range of responses built into their genes, it expands their chances of survival during environmental variations. In Germany, Dr. Kees van Oers found that in lean food years, bold female chickadees fared better than hesitant females. But hesitant maleshad higher survival rates than bold males. During years of abundant food supplies, results were exactly the reverse. Van Oers concluded that when food is scarce, bold females can use their energy and drive to find food. Hesitant males don’t fight as much, so they burn less fuel. In abundant times, bold males can fight and feed while hesitant females do fine staying out of the fray.
Studying animals allows researchers to analyze the impact of environment vs. genes on personality. With shorter life spans than humans, generations of such animals can be tracked far faster. “Human mothers will not let you just swap their infants at birth, which would be a great study to do,” says Dr. Samuel Gosling, who studies hyenas.
All of these researchers are finding that personality variations in humans and animals derive largely from brain structure and function. And like humans, animals have consistent temperaments that remain stable over the course of their lives.
Research confirms that extroverted temperaments are the norm in most Western cultures. Since introverts focus on their internal world—a realm the typical extrovert has less access to—they appear mysterious to extroverts. This can unsettle the extrovert, who likes, and even expects, to know where someone else stands. Extroverts may view the introvert, even the introverted child, as unassertive, cool, passive, sneaky, or withholding. This sends the young innie the message that she is not behaving as she should be and that something is wrong with her.
Teacher and researcher Bonnie Golden, M.Ed., conducted a study to see whether extroverts have higher self-esteem because they fit the cultural norm. She asked 258 introverted and extroverted junior college students about their feelings of self-esteem in school, family relationships, friends, and internally. As expected,the extroverts expressed a higher sense of self-esteem. The central condition that raised self-esteem for extroverts was accomplishing goals. The central condition that raised self-esteem for introverts was being appreciated .
What does this mean for raising an introverted
In high context cultures, however, discretion, nonverbal cues, and subtlety are valued. Examples of high context cultures are Japan, the Scandinavian countries, American Indian tribal groups, and China. These societies value the internal world of impressions, ideas, and feelings. Slower, more deliberate action and complex social behavior are preferred. People from such cultures are multifaceted and, to the low context person, even mystifying. In a high context culture, one “look” might express a great deal.
Is There an Advantage to Temperament Variations?
The New York Times recently reported findings that appeared in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews that researchers in England, Germany, the Netherlands, France, and at the University of California, Berkeley, are honing in on proving a direct correlation between the neurobiology of the brain and personality traits. Researchers wondered why natural selection doesn’t produce a standard personality in all species—why nature consistently supports a range of traits. To find out, they are studying how genes and environment shape various aspects of personality. They began with the observation that animals, like humans, have a similar range of traits; these are bundled into several personality dimensions, a central one being the introvert/extrovert continuum. They concluded that when humans and animals have a range of responses built into their genes, it expands their chances of survival during environmental variations. In Germany, Dr. Kees van Oers found that in lean food years, bold female chickadees fared better than hesitant females. But hesitant maleshad higher survival rates than bold males. During years of abundant food supplies, results were exactly the reverse. Van Oers concluded that when food is scarce, bold females can use their energy and drive to find food. Hesitant males don’t fight as much, so they burn less fuel. In abundant times, bold males can fight and feed while hesitant females do fine staying out of the fray.
Studying animals allows researchers to analyze the impact of environment vs. genes on personality. With shorter life spans than humans, generations of such animals can be tracked far faster. “Human mothers will not let you just swap their infants at birth, which would be a great study to do,” says Dr. Samuel Gosling, who studies hyenas.
All of these researchers are finding that personality variations in humans and animals derive largely from brain structure and function. And like humans, animals have consistent temperaments that remain stable over the course of their lives.
Research confirms that extroverted temperaments are the norm in most Western cultures. Since introverts focus on their internal world—a realm the typical extrovert has less access to—they appear mysterious to extroverts. This can unsettle the extrovert, who likes, and even expects, to know where someone else stands. Extroverts may view the introvert, even the introverted child, as unassertive, cool, passive, sneaky, or withholding. This sends the young innie the message that she is not behaving as she should be and that something is wrong with her.
Teacher and researcher Bonnie Golden, M.Ed., conducted a study to see whether extroverts have higher self-esteem because they fit the cultural norm. She asked 258 introverted and extroverted junior college students about their feelings of self-esteem in school, family relationships, friends, and internally. As expected,the extroverts expressed a higher sense of self-esteem. The central condition that raised self-esteem for extroverts was accomplishing goals. The central condition that raised self-esteem for introverts was being appreciated .
What does this mean for raising an introverted
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