The Everything Guide to Herbal Remedies

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Authors: Martha Schindler Connors
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debility, and low sperm count (the plant is also known as matrimony vine). Modern research shows that goji-berry can improve sperm quantity and quality.
    Male infertility can be tied to genetics, problems with your immune system, the use of some medications (including steroids, antihypertensives, antidepressants, and anticancer drugs), chronic infection, hormone disorders (in the pituitary gland or testicles), or a physical issue such as a blockage in the sperm duct.
Prostate Health
    Although it’s often involved in urinary problems in men, the prostate is technically part of the reproductive system (it makes semen, the fluid that carries sperm). The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that sits on top of the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It naturally gets larger as a man ages, but if it gets too big it can cause urinary complications and other problems.
    There are three types of problems that can occur in the prostate. The first is inflammation or infection, also known as prostatitis, which is usually indicated by a burning sensation while urinating. The second is prostate enlargement, or
benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH), which is a noncancerous enlargement of the gland generally accompanied by the urge to urinate frequently, a weak urine stream, and dribbling of urine. Nocturia, or increased urination at night, is another symptom. BPH is the most common prostate problem for men over fifty. By the time they’re sixty, over half of men have some prostate enlargement (that number goes to 90 percent by age seventy).
    Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, can be more than an annoyance. Recent research shows that as many as one in four men admitted to a hospital with acute urinary retention (AUR), which is a sudden inability to pass urine and is a common complication of advanced BPH, will die within a year.
    The third type of prostate problem is cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in American men, with 186,000 new cases and 29,000 deaths each year.
    Conventional medicine treats BPH symptoms with drugs like finasteride (Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart), which shrink the prostate gland by blocking the actions of testosterone. Other BPH drugs include alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers, which help relax the muscle of the prostate and bladder to relieve pressure and improve urine flow; they include doxazosin mesylate (Cardura) and tamsulosin hydrochloride (Flomax). Common side effects include dizziness, headache, and fatigue. Herbal alternatives include:
• Nettle
(Urtica dioica)
Nettle has been used for centuries in Europe to treat the symptoms of BPH. Modern studies suggest that it can slow the growth of prostate cells and blunt the BPH-related effects of testosterone.
• Pumpkin
(Cucurbita pepo)
Extracts of pumpkin seed oil, taken alone or combined with other herbs, can reduce BPH symptoms and shrink prostate tissues. Pumpkin contains a cholesterol-like substance called beta-sisterol, which seems to inhibit prostate enlargement; it’s also found in soy
(Glycine max).
• Saw palmetto
(Serenoa repens)
Several studies have shown that saw palmetto can relieve frequent and painful urination, urgency, and nocturia, and improve urinary flow. Its effects are similar to the drugs Flomax and Proscar—and it’s better tolerated.
• Pygeum
(Prunus africana)
Numerous studies show that pygeum decreases nocturia, increases peak urine flow, and reduces residual urine volume.
• Rye grass
(Secale cereale)
Rye grass extracts have been shown to decrease frequency, nocturia, urgency, and prostate size, and increase urine flow.
    Conventional nondrug treatments for BPH include transurethral microwave thermotherapy, which uses a catheter to administer microwaves that destroy excess prostate tissue; water-induced thermotherapy, which accomplishes the same thing with hot water; and transurethral resection of the prostate, which is the most common type of BPH surgery.
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