280
Vienna, Second Siege of, 145–46
Violence in Politics (Akyol), 35
Virtue Party, Turkey, 321 n
vizier, 26
Voltaire, 184
voluntarism, 26
Wahhab, Muhammad Abd-al-, 26, 115–16
Wahhabism, 17, 26, 116, 141, 162, 174, 176, 324 n
Wajdi, Farid, 200–201
waqf (religious foundation), 26, 75
Waraqa (Khadija’s cousin), 45
War of Liberation of 1919–22, 182
War on Terror, 195
Watt, William Montgomery, 47–48, 59
Wavell, Archibald, 168
Wealth and Poverty of Nations, The (Landes), 132
We Are Not Free Yet (Akbulut, Kaplan, and Yılmaz), 205
“We Are Not Free Yet” (website), 204–5
Weber, Max, 38, 134, 229, 291 n
Welfare Party, Turkish, 221, 222, 321 n
West Africa, 174
Who Needs an Islamic State? (El-Affendi), 253
Wilder, Laura Ingalls, 61
women, 62, 63, 171, 264, 269
capitalism and empowerment of, 238–39
genital mutilation of, 31–32
Hadiths and, 233–34
handshake question and, 236–37
headscarf debate and, 203–6
in Iran, 188–89
Islamic oppression of, 30
Kemalist Revolution and, 185
Muhammad and rights of, 53–54
in Ottoman Empire, 140–41, 163, 315 n
Qur’an and rights of, 53–54, 104–5
in Saudi Arabia, 268
Shariah and, 54
Traditionists and, 103–4
tribalism and, 48
in Turkish government, 233
veil controversy and, 188–89
World Bank, 95, 218
World War I, 116, 173, 187
Ottoman Empire in, 166–67, 173, 180, 209
World War II, 175, 183
Xenon, 164
Yarar, Erol, 230
Yazid, Umayyad caliph, 86
Yazid III, Umayyad caliph, 87–88
Yemen, 142, 167
Yeni S¸ afak, 236
Yılmaz, Havva, 205
Yılmaz Mesut, 221
Young Ottomans, 26, 154, 158, 181, 207
Young Turks, 17, 26, 154, 162–64, 168, 181, 226, 314 n
Westernist faction of, 181–82
Yugoslavia, former, 195
Yüksel, Edip, 234
Yusuf (Joseph), 28
Zakaria, Fareed, 133, 223, 239
zakat (almsgiving), 26, 269, 276
Zamakhshari, 301 n
Zawahiri, Ayman al-, 201
Zealots, 25, 26, 192, 193, 197
as model for Islamists, 190–91
Zernov, Nicolas, 78
Zia ul-Haqq, Muhammad, 324 n
Zoroastrians, 66, 108, 122
Zubaida, Sami, 127
Zürcher, Erik Jan, 183
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