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Authors: Joyce Tyldesley
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1070–712
LATE PERIOD (DYNASTIES 25–31): c . 712–332
MACEDONIAN DYNASTY 332–304
Alexander III the Great (332–323)
Philip III Arrhidaeos (323–316)
Alexander IV (316–304)
PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY (304–30)
Ptolemy I Soter I (304–284)
Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285–246)
Ptolemy III Euergetes I (246–221)
Ptolemy IV Philopator (221–205)
Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205–180)
Ptolemy VI Philometor (180–164, 163–145)
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (170–163, 145–116)
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (145)
Ptolemy IX Soter II (116–107, 88–81)
Ptolemy X Alexander I (107–88)
Cleopatra Berenice III (81–80)
Ptolemy XI Alexander II (80)
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (80–58, 55–51)
Berenice IV (58–55)
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (51–30)
Ptolemy XIII, King of Egypt (51–47)
Ptolemy XIV, King of Egypt (47–44)
Ptolemy XV Caesar (44–30)
Bibliography
M any, many books, scholarly articles and works of fiction have been written about Cleopatra, her family, life and times. As this book is primarily aimed at the general reader, I have listed here the more accessible and up to date, giving preference to those written in English. Most of them provide their own list of further reading. More specialised references are given, where appropriate, as footnotes to the text.
I have deliberately excluded websites dealing with Cleopatra as, by their very nature, these tend to be ephemeral and are of varying accuracy. However, the Ptolemaic genealogies compiled and constantly updated by Chris Bennett offers a valuable exception to this rule ( www.geocieties.com/christopherjbennett/index.htm ).
Classical Texts
Many of the older translations of classical texts, now in the public domain, are available for free consultation on the Internet.
Appian, The Civil Wars , Volumes III and IV of Roman History , Translated by H. White (1912–13), Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander . Translated by E. J. Chinnock (1893), George Bell and Sons, London
Athenaeus, Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned . Translated by C. D. Yonge (1854) 3 vols, Henry G. Bohn, London
Julius Caesar, The Alexandrian Wars . Translated by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn (1869), Harper and Brothers, New York
Cassius Dio, Roman History . Translated by E. Cary (1914–27) 9 vols, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. and Heinemann, London
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History Book I. Translated by C. H. Oldfather (1933), Vol. I, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
Flavius Josephus, Against Apion . Translated by W. Whiston (1895; updated and republished 2001), The Works of Josephus, Complete and Unabridged , Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody, Mass.
— Antiquities of the Jews . Translated by W. Whiston (1895; updated and republished 2001), The Works of Josephus, Complete and Unabridged , Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody, Mass.
Herodotus, The Histories . Translated by A. de Sélincourt (1954), revised with introduction and notes by J. Marincola (1996), Penguin Books, Harmondsworth
Kleiner, D. E. E. (2005) Cleopatra and Rome , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Pliny the Elder, Natural History . Translated by H. Rackham (1938–40), Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
Plutarch, The Parallel Lives: Life of Alexander . Translated by B. Perrin (1919), Vol VII, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
— The Parallel Lives: Life of Antony . Translated by B. Perrin (1920), Vol. IX, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
— The Parallel Lives: Life of Caesar . Translated by B. Perrin (1919), Vol. VII, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
— The Parallel Lives: Life of Pompey . Translated
LATE PERIOD (DYNASTIES 25–31): c . 712–332
MACEDONIAN DYNASTY 332–304
Alexander III the Great (332–323)
Philip III Arrhidaeos (323–316)
Alexander IV (316–304)
PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY (304–30)
Ptolemy I Soter I (304–284)
Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285–246)
Ptolemy III Euergetes I (246–221)
Ptolemy IV Philopator (221–205)
Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205–180)
Ptolemy VI Philometor (180–164, 163–145)
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (170–163, 145–116)
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (145)
Ptolemy IX Soter II (116–107, 88–81)
Ptolemy X Alexander I (107–88)
Cleopatra Berenice III (81–80)
Ptolemy XI Alexander II (80)
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (80–58, 55–51)
Berenice IV (58–55)
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (51–30)
Ptolemy XIII, King of Egypt (51–47)
Ptolemy XIV, King of Egypt (47–44)
Ptolemy XV Caesar (44–30)
Bibliography
M any, many books, scholarly articles and works of fiction have been written about Cleopatra, her family, life and times. As this book is primarily aimed at the general reader, I have listed here the more accessible and up to date, giving preference to those written in English. Most of them provide their own list of further reading. More specialised references are given, where appropriate, as footnotes to the text.
I have deliberately excluded websites dealing with Cleopatra as, by their very nature, these tend to be ephemeral and are of varying accuracy. However, the Ptolemaic genealogies compiled and constantly updated by Chris Bennett offers a valuable exception to this rule ( www.geocieties.com/christopherjbennett/index.htm ).
Classical Texts
Many of the older translations of classical texts, now in the public domain, are available for free consultation on the Internet.
Appian, The Civil Wars , Volumes III and IV of Roman History , Translated by H. White (1912–13), Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander . Translated by E. J. Chinnock (1893), George Bell and Sons, London
Athenaeus, Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned . Translated by C. D. Yonge (1854) 3 vols, Henry G. Bohn, London
Julius Caesar, The Alexandrian Wars . Translated by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn (1869), Harper and Brothers, New York
Cassius Dio, Roman History . Translated by E. Cary (1914–27) 9 vols, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. and Heinemann, London
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History Book I. Translated by C. H. Oldfather (1933), Vol. I, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
Flavius Josephus, Against Apion . Translated by W. Whiston (1895; updated and republished 2001), The Works of Josephus, Complete and Unabridged , Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody, Mass.
— Antiquities of the Jews . Translated by W. Whiston (1895; updated and republished 2001), The Works of Josephus, Complete and Unabridged , Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody, Mass.
Herodotus, The Histories . Translated by A. de Sélincourt (1954), revised with introduction and notes by J. Marincola (1996), Penguin Books, Harmondsworth
Kleiner, D. E. E. (2005) Cleopatra and Rome , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Pliny the Elder, Natural History . Translated by H. Rackham (1938–40), Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
Plutarch, The Parallel Lives: Life of Alexander . Translated by B. Perrin (1919), Vol VII, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
— The Parallel Lives: Life of Antony . Translated by B. Perrin (1920), Vol. IX, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
— The Parallel Lives: Life of Caesar . Translated by B. Perrin (1919), Vol. VII, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and Heinemann, London
— The Parallel Lives: Life of Pompey . Translated
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