Read Online At Day's Close: Night in Times Past by A. Roger Ekirch - Free Book Online Page A
Authors: A. Roger Ekirch
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18
Spurmakers Guild of London, 156
squatters, 238
Squire Oldsapp: or, the Night Adventures (D’Urfey), 222
“Squire’s Tale, The” (Chaucer), 301, 311
Stadtpir, 151
Stainhurst, Richard, 79
Standonck, Jean, 203
stars, 129–30, 138, 139, 234, 326
telling time by, 138, 236
in weather forecasting, 171
Statute of Artificers, 157
Statute of Winchester, 31, 75, 76
Steele, Richard, 218, 304
Steen, Jan, 189, 190
Steiner, George, 319
Sterne, Laurence, 271
stillborn infants, magic properties of, 41–42
St. John’s Eve, 140
Stockholm:
fire alarms in, 79
murders in, 46
nightwatch’s weapons in, 77
scaling city walls as crime in, 62
Stoddard, Solomon, 231
Stoeckhlin, Chonrad, 317
Stom, Matthias, 273
stormy petrals, as oil lamps, 107–8
storytelling, 179–82, 184
ghost stories in, 3, 5, 120–21, 180, 256
magic in, 179, 180
motifs of, 180–82
at spinning and knitting bees, 183
stoves, 102
Stower, Mary, 164
Strassenräubers, 36
straw pallets, 274, 276–77, 287
street lighting, 10, 26, 67–74, 332–37
Argand oil lamps in, 331
carrying lights mandated for, 67, 129
Catholic Church and, 69–72, 70, 71, 335
coal gas lamps in, 331, 332–34, 332, 335, 336–37
coast of, 73, 74
crime and, 330–31, 332–34, 336
electric, 337
illuminated shrines as, 71–72
inadequacy of, 73–74
increasing use of, 72–73
lanterns as, 67–68, 73, 74, 129, 246, 337
for military hostilities, 68–69
by oil lamps, 72, 73, 330–31
opposition to, 335
poor quality of, 74
problems of, 74
at public celebrations, 69
restricted to darkest nights, 68, 73, 74, 335
rural resistance to, 336–37
social differentiation of, 335–36
social oversight increased by, 333–34
vandalism of, 74, 246, 336, 337
street mobs, 254
streets, 29, 34, 36, 60, 63, 124, 125–26, 134, 140, 222, 324–25
as beds of urban poor, 278
broken pavements of, 27
excrement emptied in, 27–28, 29, 165
filthy, 27, 81
fixed barriers on, 64, 65, 75
mishaps in, 26–28, 29
sexual activity on, 192, 220
see also pedestrians
strix, 4
Stubbes, Philip, 194
Stubley, John, 165
Stüller, Nicklauss, 42
Sturt, George, 337
Stutz, Jakob, 179
suicides, 18, 19
Sumerians, 5
sumptuary legislation, 8
Sunderland, Samuel, 38
Sussex Weekly Advertiser, 321–22
Sweden:
death penalty in, 87
ljusinbrinning in, 162
miners of, 161
nightwatch of, 82
nocturnal labor in, 156–57
weaving in, 173
white witchcraft in, 98
Swetman, Joshua, 282
Swift, Jonathan, 109, 129
Mohocks gang feared by, 225
Swinburne, Henry, 38
Switzerland, 84, 90, 134
bundling in, 198
mattresses in, 296
nightwatch of, 75
storytelling in, 179
witch hunts of, 20
young people’s meetings in, 196
youth gangs in, 246, 248
Sykes, Mary, 308
Synesius of Cyrene, 319
Tabourot, Etienne, 182, 195
Tahiti, 4
Taillepied, Noel, 23, 142, 301
tailors, 156, 158, 160
tallow candles, 68, 106, 107, 162, 207, 336
tallow-chandlers, 52, 73, 160
Talmud, 3, 261
taverns, 188, 189, 190, 192–93, 219
brawls in, 46–47, 220, 223
Taylor, Jeremy, 15, 265
Taylor, John, 51, 174
Taylor, John, the Water-Poet, 188, 276
Teniers, David, the Younger, 231
Tertullian, 311
Tess of the d’Urbervilles (Hardy), xxvii
Thames river, 26, 160, 166
thatchers, 170, 171
theft, thieves, 6, 7, 31, 33–42, 68, 79, 92, 93, 142, 236, 322, 329
dark nights preferred for, 39–40, 128
of dead bodies, 237
dignity and self-worth lent by, 243–44
disguises worn by, 40
Dogberry’s approach to, 82
from farmers, 169, 172, 240
by fire-priggers, 55–56
linkboys and, 125
magic spells of, 41–42
pilfering, 74, 175, 240–41, 244, 255, 256, 306
poachers, 33, 241–42, 243–44, 306, 336
punishments of, 87, 88
roguish demeanor of, 151
sheep-stealers, 41, 172, 241
see also burglaries, burglars; robberies
thief’s candle charm, 41–42
Thietmar of Merseburg, 18
Thistlewood, Thomas, 246
Thomas, Keith, 100
Thomas, Philip, 32
Thompson, E. P., 158
Thomson, James, 8
Thomson, John,
Spurmakers Guild of London, 156
squatters, 238
Squire Oldsapp: or, the Night Adventures (D’Urfey), 222
“Squire’s Tale, The” (Chaucer), 301, 311
Stadtpir, 151
Stainhurst, Richard, 79
Standonck, Jean, 203
stars, 129–30, 138, 139, 234, 326
telling time by, 138, 236
in weather forecasting, 171
Statute of Artificers, 157
Statute of Winchester, 31, 75, 76
Steele, Richard, 218, 304
Steen, Jan, 189, 190
Steiner, George, 319
Sterne, Laurence, 271
stillborn infants, magic properties of, 41–42
St. John’s Eve, 140
Stockholm:
fire alarms in, 79
murders in, 46
nightwatch’s weapons in, 77
scaling city walls as crime in, 62
Stoddard, Solomon, 231
Stoeckhlin, Chonrad, 317
Stom, Matthias, 273
stormy petrals, as oil lamps, 107–8
storytelling, 179–82, 184
ghost stories in, 3, 5, 120–21, 180, 256
magic in, 179, 180
motifs of, 180–82
at spinning and knitting bees, 183
stoves, 102
Stower, Mary, 164
Strassenräubers, 36
straw pallets, 274, 276–77, 287
street lighting, 10, 26, 67–74, 332–37
Argand oil lamps in, 331
carrying lights mandated for, 67, 129
Catholic Church and, 69–72, 70, 71, 335
coal gas lamps in, 331, 332–34, 332, 335, 336–37
coast of, 73, 74
crime and, 330–31, 332–34, 336
electric, 337
illuminated shrines as, 71–72
inadequacy of, 73–74
increasing use of, 72–73
lanterns as, 67–68, 73, 74, 129, 246, 337
for military hostilities, 68–69
by oil lamps, 72, 73, 330–31
opposition to, 335
poor quality of, 74
problems of, 74
at public celebrations, 69
restricted to darkest nights, 68, 73, 74, 335
rural resistance to, 336–37
social differentiation of, 335–36
social oversight increased by, 333–34
vandalism of, 74, 246, 336, 337
street mobs, 254
streets, 29, 34, 36, 60, 63, 124, 125–26, 134, 140, 222, 324–25
as beds of urban poor, 278
broken pavements of, 27
excrement emptied in, 27–28, 29, 165
filthy, 27, 81
fixed barriers on, 64, 65, 75
mishaps in, 26–28, 29
sexual activity on, 192, 220
see also pedestrians
strix, 4
Stubbes, Philip, 194
Stubley, John, 165
Stüller, Nicklauss, 42
Sturt, George, 337
Stutz, Jakob, 179
suicides, 18, 19
Sumerians, 5
sumptuary legislation, 8
Sunderland, Samuel, 38
Sussex Weekly Advertiser, 321–22
Sweden:
death penalty in, 87
ljusinbrinning in, 162
miners of, 161
nightwatch of, 82
nocturnal labor in, 156–57
weaving in, 173
white witchcraft in, 98
Swetman, Joshua, 282
Swift, Jonathan, 109, 129
Mohocks gang feared by, 225
Swinburne, Henry, 38
Switzerland, 84, 90, 134
bundling in, 198
mattresses in, 296
nightwatch of, 75
storytelling in, 179
witch hunts of, 20
young people’s meetings in, 196
youth gangs in, 246, 248
Sykes, Mary, 308
Synesius of Cyrene, 319
Tabourot, Etienne, 182, 195
Tahiti, 4
Taillepied, Noel, 23, 142, 301
tailors, 156, 158, 160
tallow candles, 68, 106, 107, 162, 207, 336
tallow-chandlers, 52, 73, 160
Talmud, 3, 261
taverns, 188, 189, 190, 192–93, 219
brawls in, 46–47, 220, 223
Taylor, Jeremy, 15, 265
Taylor, John, 51, 174
Taylor, John, the Water-Poet, 188, 276
Teniers, David, the Younger, 231
Tertullian, 311
Tess of the d’Urbervilles (Hardy), xxvii
Thames river, 26, 160, 166
thatchers, 170, 171
theft, thieves, 6, 7, 31, 33–42, 68, 79, 92, 93, 142, 236, 322, 329
dark nights preferred for, 39–40, 128
of dead bodies, 237
dignity and self-worth lent by, 243–44
disguises worn by, 40
Dogberry’s approach to, 82
from farmers, 169, 172, 240
by fire-priggers, 55–56
linkboys and, 125
magic spells of, 41–42
pilfering, 74, 175, 240–41, 244, 255, 256, 306
poachers, 33, 241–42, 243–44, 306, 336
punishments of, 87, 88
roguish demeanor of, 151
sheep-stealers, 41, 172, 241
see also burglaries, burglars; robberies
thief’s candle charm, 41–42
Thietmar of Merseburg, 18
Thistlewood, Thomas, 246
Thomas, Keith, 100
Thomas, Philip, 32
Thompson, E. P., 158
Thomson, James, 8
Thomson, John,
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