Read Online Twilight of the Gods: The Mayan Calendar and the Return of the Extraterrestrials by Erich Von Daniken - Free Book Online Page B
Authors: Erich Von Daniken
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hard facts. The Aymara, the pre-Incan tribe that allegedly created this masterpiece, cannot be responsible because:
w► The Aymara were a Stone Age people. They could never have transported these heavyweight blocks almost 40 miles.
w► The technology used here is way beyond anything that Stone Age man is known to have had at his disposal.
w► The overall planning and the specifics are based on geometric measurements. High-level architectural skills have been used here.
The builders would have needed to have known the exact stability or brittleness-in other words, the degree of hardness-of the material.
The sheer number of architectural elements would have required a writing system or something equivalent. It's simply not possible to do something like this from memory, and it would have been beyond the planning capacity of our Stone Age geniuses. (These days we plan things like this on computers!)
Archaeologists talk of copper or lead brackets being used to hold the platforms together with a kind of carabiner fastening. This is because copper and lead casting have actually been found in Puma Punku. Heaven only knows why anyone at any time may have used lead or copper in Puma Punku, but it certainly can't have been simply as fastenings for these heavy platforms.
1.20. The slabs were originally held together with fastenings. Image courtesy of Tatjana Ingold, Solothurn, Switzerland.
Lead is a very soft metal, and in its pure form you can scratch it using just your fingernail. Its melting point is 621°Fahrenheit; its boiling point 3,182° Fahrenheit. Lead alloys would be possible, of course, but this assumes some kind of metallurgic expertise. Copper has a hardness grade of 3 (iron is 4.5). None of these soft metals would have been able to hold the incredibly heavy platforms in Puma Punku together. And certainly not when exposed to the kinds of temperature variations that are seen in Bolivia. As early as 1869, Johann Jakob Tschudi wondered:
Even more than by the mere fact that they were actually able to move these blocks, we are astounded by the sheer technical brilliance of the masonry work, especially when one takes into account that the indigenous laborers possessed absolutely no iron tools and that the alloys of copper and tin they had were far too soft to work the granite. [Author's note: Tschudi was wrong in one respect, of course. No granite was used in Puma Punku; it was diorite, which is equally as hard.] How they accompanied this is a mystery. The most plausible view is that they achieved their final polish by rubbing the stone with a fine stone powder or some siliceous plants.63
High-level planning and core boring that did not exist during the Stone Age. Author's own images.
My dear, long-dead compatriot Tschudi: If they had used stone powder or siliceous plants, the workers in Puma Punku would not only have had to rub for hundreds of years to polish the huge stone slabs, but also would have needed precision instruments as the platforms all feature various planes and inclinations.
-he Courage to Be Logical
Something's not quite right in Puma Punku, even if you leave aside Professor Posnansky's dating and ignore the calendars of Dr. Edmund Kiss and Professor Schindler Bellamy (and others!). The working of the stone is enough in itself.
Today, the calendar calculations made by Posnansky, Kiss, and Schindler Bellamy have all been discounted. The well-meaning talk is of academic errors. Horbiger's World Ice Theory has been thrown out, today's moon is not repsonsible for the destruction of Tiwanaku, and there were no earlier high cultures. Basta! It's actually true that the Tiwanaku calendar could never be fit to our contemporary calendar-these days you would say the data are just not compatible. The industrious information collectors Posnansky, Kiss, and Schindler Bellamy all knew that. Their calendar had different months, days, and hours than ours. (Just as an aside: The Maya calendar system (see Chapter 4)
w► The Aymara were a Stone Age people. They could never have transported these heavyweight blocks almost 40 miles.
w► The technology used here is way beyond anything that Stone Age man is known to have had at his disposal.
w► The overall planning and the specifics are based on geometric measurements. High-level architectural skills have been used here.
The builders would have needed to have known the exact stability or brittleness-in other words, the degree of hardness-of the material.
The sheer number of architectural elements would have required a writing system or something equivalent. It's simply not possible to do something like this from memory, and it would have been beyond the planning capacity of our Stone Age geniuses. (These days we plan things like this on computers!)
Archaeologists talk of copper or lead brackets being used to hold the platforms together with a kind of carabiner fastening. This is because copper and lead casting have actually been found in Puma Punku. Heaven only knows why anyone at any time may have used lead or copper in Puma Punku, but it certainly can't have been simply as fastenings for these heavy platforms.
1.20. The slabs were originally held together with fastenings. Image courtesy of Tatjana Ingold, Solothurn, Switzerland.
Lead is a very soft metal, and in its pure form you can scratch it using just your fingernail. Its melting point is 621°Fahrenheit; its boiling point 3,182° Fahrenheit. Lead alloys would be possible, of course, but this assumes some kind of metallurgic expertise. Copper has a hardness grade of 3 (iron is 4.5). None of these soft metals would have been able to hold the incredibly heavy platforms in Puma Punku together. And certainly not when exposed to the kinds of temperature variations that are seen in Bolivia. As early as 1869, Johann Jakob Tschudi wondered:
Even more than by the mere fact that they were actually able to move these blocks, we are astounded by the sheer technical brilliance of the masonry work, especially when one takes into account that the indigenous laborers possessed absolutely no iron tools and that the alloys of copper and tin they had were far too soft to work the granite. [Author's note: Tschudi was wrong in one respect, of course. No granite was used in Puma Punku; it was diorite, which is equally as hard.] How they accompanied this is a mystery. The most plausible view is that they achieved their final polish by rubbing the stone with a fine stone powder or some siliceous plants.63
High-level planning and core boring that did not exist during the Stone Age. Author's own images.
My dear, long-dead compatriot Tschudi: If they had used stone powder or siliceous plants, the workers in Puma Punku would not only have had to rub for hundreds of years to polish the huge stone slabs, but also would have needed precision instruments as the platforms all feature various planes and inclinations.
-he Courage to Be Logical
Something's not quite right in Puma Punku, even if you leave aside Professor Posnansky's dating and ignore the calendars of Dr. Edmund Kiss and Professor Schindler Bellamy (and others!). The working of the stone is enough in itself.
Today, the calendar calculations made by Posnansky, Kiss, and Schindler Bellamy have all been discounted. The well-meaning talk is of academic errors. Horbiger's World Ice Theory has been thrown out, today's moon is not repsonsible for the destruction of Tiwanaku, and there were no earlier high cultures. Basta! It's actually true that the Tiwanaku calendar could never be fit to our contemporary calendar-these days you would say the data are just not compatible. The industrious information collectors Posnansky, Kiss, and Schindler Bellamy all knew that. Their calendar had different months, days, and hours than ours. (Just as an aside: The Maya calendar system (see Chapter 4)
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