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Anatomy of a Misinformation Disaster,” Atlantic , April 2013.
    19 Lilla, “The Truth About Our Libertarian Age.”
    20 Zeynep Tufekci, “Facebook and Engineering the Public,” Medium , June 29, 2014.
    21 Pew Research Center, “The Web at 25 in the U.S.: The Overall Verdict: The Internet Has Been a Plus for Society and an Especially Good Thing for Individual Users.”
    22 Esha Chhabra, “Ubiquitous Across Globe, Cellphones Have Become Tool for Doing Good,” New York Times , November 8, 2013.
    23 Julia Angwin, “Has Privacy Become a Luxury Good?,” New York Times, March 3, 2014.
    24 Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994), p. xi.
    25 Ibid.
    Chapter One
    1 “Ericsson Mobility Report,” 2013.
    2 Mat Honan, “Don’t Diss Cheap Smartphones. They’re About to Change Everything,” Wired , May 16, 2014.
    3 Tim Worstall, “More People Have Mobile Phones Than Toilets,” Forbes , March 23, 2013.
    4 “More Than 50 Billion Connected Devices,” Ericsson white paper.
    5 Michael Chui, Markus Loffler, and Roger Roberts, “The Internet of Things,” McKinsey Quarterly , March 2010.
    6 Matthieu Pelissie du Rausas, James Manyika, Eric Hazan, Jacques Burghin, Michael Chui, and Remi Said, “Internet Matters: The Net’s Sweeping Impact on Growth, Jobs, and Prosperity,” McKinsey , May 2011.
    7 See: “Data Never Sleeps 2.0,” infographic from the data company Domo, domo.com/learn/data -never-sleeps-2.
    8 Clive Thompson, “Dark Hero of the Information Age: The Original Computer Geek,” New York Times , March 20, 2005.
    9 James Harkin, Cyburbia: The Dangerous Idea That’s Changing How We Live and Who We Are (London: Little, Brown, 2009), p. 19.
    10 John Naughton, A Brief History of the Future: From Radio Days to Internet Years in a Lifetime (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000), p. 52.
    11 Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1948).
    12 Harkin, Cyburbia , p. 22.
    13 Vannevar Bush, “As We May Think,” Atlantic Monthly , July 1945.
    14 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future , p. 65.
    15 “Science, The Endless Frontier,” a report to the president by Vannevar Bush, director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, July 1945.
    16 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future , p. 70.
    17 Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 34.
    18 Ibid.
    19 Ibid., p. 38.
    20 Paul Dickson, “Sputnik’s Impact on America,” PBS, November 6, 2007.
    21 Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late , p. 20.
    22 Ibid., p. 15.
    23 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future , p. 95.
    24 “I was driving one day to UCLA from RAND and couldn’t find a single parking spot in all of UCLA nor the entire adjacent town of Westwood,” Baran recalled. “At that instant I concluded that it was God’s will that I should discontinue school. Why else would He have found it necessary to fill up all the parking lots at that exact instant?,” Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late , p. 54.
    25 Naughton, A Brief History of the Future , p. 92.
    26 Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late , p. 55.
    27 Ibid., p. 56.
    28 Johnny Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future (London: Reaktion Books, 2010), p. 22.
    29 Ibid., p. 16.
    30 Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late , pp. 41–42.
    31 Ibid., p. 263.
    32 Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future , p. 39.
    33 Ibid., p. 249.
    34 Janet Abbate, Inventing the Internet (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), p. 186.
    35 Larry Downes and Chunka Mui, Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998).
    36 Ibid.
    37 Outlook Team, “The 41-Year History of Email,” Mashable, September 20, 2012.
    38 John Perry Barlow, “A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace,” February 8, 1996.
    39 David A.