Read Online July 1914: Countdown to War by Sean McMeekin - Free Book Online Page B
Authors: Sean McMeekin
Tags: General, History, Military, 20th Century, Europe, Political Science, Modern, International Relations, World War I
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1907–1914.
Wilhelm II. Emperor (“Kaiser”) of Imperial Germany, 1888–1918.
Zimmermann, Arthur. Undersecretary of state of Imperial Germany, 1911–1916.
Great Britain
Asquith, Herbert Henry. Liberal British prime minister, 1908–1916.
Bertie, Sir Francis. Britain’s ambassador to France, 1905–1918.
Buchanan, Sir George. Britain’s ambassador to Russia, 1910–1918.
Churchill, Winston. Britain’s first lord of the Admiralty, 1911–1915.
Crackanthorpe, Dayrell. British chargé d’affaires in Belgrade, 1912–1915.
Crowe, Sir Eyre. Senior clerk in the British Foreign Office.
De Bunsen, Sir Maurice. Britain’s ambassador to Austria, 1913–1914.
George V. King of England, 1910–1936.
Goschen, Sir W. Edward. Britain’s ambassador to Germany, 1908–1914.
Grey, Sir Edward. His Majesty’s foreign secretary, 1905–1916.
Morley, Lord John. Lord President of the Council, 1910–1914.
Nicolson, Sir Arthur. Permanent undersecretary in the British Foreign Office, 1910–1916.
Wilson, Sir Henry, General. Director of military operations in British War Office, 1910–1914.
Russia
Artamonov, Viktor A., General. Russian military attaché in Belgrade, 1912–1914.
Bark, Peter. Russian minister of finance, 1914–1917.
Benckendorff, Alexander K., Count. Russian ambassador to England, 1903–1917.
Dobrorolskii, Sergei, General. Chief of Russian army’s mobilization section, 1914.
Goremykin, Ivan L. Chairman of Russian Council of Ministers, 1914–1916.
Grigorevich, Ivan K., Admiral. Russian naval minister, 1911–1916.
Hartwig, Nikolai. Russia’s minister in Serbia, 1909–1914.
Izvolsky, Alexander. Russia’s ambassador to France, 1910–1917.
Krivoshein, A. V. Russian minister of agriculture, 1906–1915.
Nicholas II (Romanov). Tsar of Russia, 1894–1917.
Nicholas Nikolaevich (Romanov). Grand Duke and commander in chief of the Russian Imperial Army, 1914–1915.
Sazonov, Sergei. Foreign minister of Russia, 1910–1916.
Schilling, Moritz F., Baron. Head of Chancery (i.e., chief of staff) of the Russian Foreign Ministry, 1912–1914.
Shebeko, Nikolai. Russia’s ambassador to Austria-Hungary, 1913–1914.
Stolypin, Peter. Chairman of Russian Council of Ministers, 1906–1911.
Sukhomlinov, V. A. Chief of Russian Army General Staff, 1908–1909, and Russian war minister, 1909–1915.
Yanushkevitch, N. N. General, chief of Russian Army General Staff.
Serbia
Chabrinovitch, Nedjelko. Bosnian Serb terrorist and co-conspirator of Gavrilo Princip, trained in Belgrade.
Ciganovitch, Milan. Bosnian-born Serb; liaison between Black Hand leaders and Gavrilo Princip in Belgrade. Furnished arms to the terrorists plotting to assassinate Franz Ferdinand.
Dimitrijevitch, Dragutin (“Apis”), Colonel. Head of Serbian Military Intelligence and the Black Hand.
Grabezh, Trifko. Bosnian Serb terrorist and co-conspirator of Gavrilo Princip, trained in Belgrade.
Ilitch, Danilo. Recruiter of local terrorists in Sarajevo, in order to camouflage Serbian involvement in the assassination plot in Belgrade.
Paĉu, Laza, Dr. Serbian Minister of Finance, 1912–1915.
Pašić, Nikola. Prime minister of Serbia, 1912–1918.
Princip, Gavrilo. Bosnian Serb terrorist, trained in Belgrade.
Spalaiković, M. Serbia’s ambassador to Russia, 1914.
Tankositch, Voja, Major. Co-founder of Black Hand.
CHRONOLOGY
----
28 June 1914
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo
5–6 July 1914
Count Hoyos mission to Berlin leads to the “blank check”
10 July 1914
Berlin first learns of Austrian plans for a Serbian ultimatum
14 July 1914
Tisza converts to the Austrian “war party”
18 July 1914
Sazonov returns from vacation and learns of Austrian ultimatum plans
19 July 1914
the Ministerial Council in Vienna approves text of Serbian ultimatum
20–23 July 1914
the French presidential summit in St. Petersburg
21 July 1914
Sazonov threatens Berchtold: “There must be no talk of an ultimatum”
23 July 1914
France
Wilhelm II. Emperor (“Kaiser”) of Imperial Germany, 1888–1918.
Zimmermann, Arthur. Undersecretary of state of Imperial Germany, 1911–1916.
Great Britain
Asquith, Herbert Henry. Liberal British prime minister, 1908–1916.
Bertie, Sir Francis. Britain’s ambassador to France, 1905–1918.
Buchanan, Sir George. Britain’s ambassador to Russia, 1910–1918.
Churchill, Winston. Britain’s first lord of the Admiralty, 1911–1915.
Crackanthorpe, Dayrell. British chargé d’affaires in Belgrade, 1912–1915.
Crowe, Sir Eyre. Senior clerk in the British Foreign Office.
De Bunsen, Sir Maurice. Britain’s ambassador to Austria, 1913–1914.
George V. King of England, 1910–1936.
Goschen, Sir W. Edward. Britain’s ambassador to Germany, 1908–1914.
Grey, Sir Edward. His Majesty’s foreign secretary, 1905–1916.
Morley, Lord John. Lord President of the Council, 1910–1914.
Nicolson, Sir Arthur. Permanent undersecretary in the British Foreign Office, 1910–1916.
Wilson, Sir Henry, General. Director of military operations in British War Office, 1910–1914.
Russia
Artamonov, Viktor A., General. Russian military attaché in Belgrade, 1912–1914.
Bark, Peter. Russian minister of finance, 1914–1917.
Benckendorff, Alexander K., Count. Russian ambassador to England, 1903–1917.
Dobrorolskii, Sergei, General. Chief of Russian army’s mobilization section, 1914.
Goremykin, Ivan L. Chairman of Russian Council of Ministers, 1914–1916.
Grigorevich, Ivan K., Admiral. Russian naval minister, 1911–1916.
Hartwig, Nikolai. Russia’s minister in Serbia, 1909–1914.
Izvolsky, Alexander. Russia’s ambassador to France, 1910–1917.
Krivoshein, A. V. Russian minister of agriculture, 1906–1915.
Nicholas II (Romanov). Tsar of Russia, 1894–1917.
Nicholas Nikolaevich (Romanov). Grand Duke and commander in chief of the Russian Imperial Army, 1914–1915.
Sazonov, Sergei. Foreign minister of Russia, 1910–1916.
Schilling, Moritz F., Baron. Head of Chancery (i.e., chief of staff) of the Russian Foreign Ministry, 1912–1914.
Shebeko, Nikolai. Russia’s ambassador to Austria-Hungary, 1913–1914.
Stolypin, Peter. Chairman of Russian Council of Ministers, 1906–1911.
Sukhomlinov, V. A. Chief of Russian Army General Staff, 1908–1909, and Russian war minister, 1909–1915.
Yanushkevitch, N. N. General, chief of Russian Army General Staff.
Serbia
Chabrinovitch, Nedjelko. Bosnian Serb terrorist and co-conspirator of Gavrilo Princip, trained in Belgrade.
Ciganovitch, Milan. Bosnian-born Serb; liaison between Black Hand leaders and Gavrilo Princip in Belgrade. Furnished arms to the terrorists plotting to assassinate Franz Ferdinand.
Dimitrijevitch, Dragutin (“Apis”), Colonel. Head of Serbian Military Intelligence and the Black Hand.
Grabezh, Trifko. Bosnian Serb terrorist and co-conspirator of Gavrilo Princip, trained in Belgrade.
Ilitch, Danilo. Recruiter of local terrorists in Sarajevo, in order to camouflage Serbian involvement in the assassination plot in Belgrade.
Paĉu, Laza, Dr. Serbian Minister of Finance, 1912–1915.
Pašić, Nikola. Prime minister of Serbia, 1912–1918.
Princip, Gavrilo. Bosnian Serb terrorist, trained in Belgrade.
Spalaiković, M. Serbia’s ambassador to Russia, 1914.
Tankositch, Voja, Major. Co-founder of Black Hand.
CHRONOLOGY
----
28 June 1914
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo
5–6 July 1914
Count Hoyos mission to Berlin leads to the “blank check”
10 July 1914
Berlin first learns of Austrian plans for a Serbian ultimatum
14 July 1914
Tisza converts to the Austrian “war party”
18 July 1914
Sazonov returns from vacation and learns of Austrian ultimatum plans
19 July 1914
the Ministerial Council in Vienna approves text of Serbian ultimatum
20–23 July 1914
the French presidential summit in St. Petersburg
21 July 1914
Sazonov threatens Berchtold: “There must be no talk of an ultimatum”
23 July 1914
France
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